In this work, the local electrochemical activity of the zones coupled by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) of an Al-Cu-Li alloy was studied and the results were correlated to the microstructural characteristics of each zone. Electrochemical studies were carried out in the zones affected by welding using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electrochemical techniques (namely, SECM - Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and LEIS - Local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). The results showed that the welding joint (WJ) is predominantly cathodic relatively to the heat affected zones (HAZ). The HAZ was always anodic and showed the highest electrochemical activities among the tested ones. The high electrochemical activity of the HAZ was associated with the effect of galvanic coupling between the cathodic region (WJ) and the anodic region (HAZ). In addition, the advancing side (AS) presented increased electrochemical activity compared to the retreating one (RS).

Seis florações de Heterosigma akashiwo(Raphidophyceae) foram observadas em março de 2007 a março de 2008 na Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, um sistema semi-confinado eutrófico localizado no Rio de Janeiro (Sudeste do Brasil). As células vegetativas de H. akashiwo analisadas por microscopia óptica e eletrônica mostraram morfologia como descrito em literatura. As florações (2.8 × 104 a 4 × 108cel.L–1) foram restritas à zona intermédia do canal Piraquê, que se situa na parte nordeste da lagoa e recebe aporte de água doce. A salinidade da sub-superfície da água e a profundidade do canal apresentaram correlação negativa significativa com a abundância de H. akashiwo e parecem determinar a formação de florações restritas a este compartimento da lagoa. Não houve mortalidade de peixes durante as florações de H. akashiwo e não foi detectada a presença de brevetoxinas em um extrato celular obtido a partir da floração observada em 19 de março de 2007.

Six blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo(Raphidophyceae) were observed from March 2007 through March 2008 in the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, a semi-confined eutrophic system located in Rio de Janeiro state, southeast Brazil. Vegetative cells of H. akashiwo analysed by optical and electron microscopy showed morphology as described in the literature. The blooms (2.8 × 104 to 4 × 108 cell.L–1) were restricted to the middle section of the Piraquê Channel, which is situated in the northeastern part of the lagoon and receives freshwater inflow. The salinity of subsurface water and the channel depth showed significant negative correlations with H. akashiwo abundances, and appeared to restrict the blooms to this compartment of the lagoon. No fish mortality was associated with the H. akashiwo blooms, nor were brevetoxins detected in a cell extract obtained from the bloom observed on 19 March 2007.

INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia cardíaca minimamente invasiva e videoassistida (CCVA) tem aumentado em popularidade nos últimos 15 anos. As pequenas incisões têm sido associadas a um bom efeito estético e menor trauma cirúrgico, consequentemente, menor dor e rápida recuperação pós-operatória. OBJETIVOS: Apresentar nossa casuística com CCVA, após 6 anos de uso do método. MÉTODOS: Cento e trinta e seis pacientes foram submetidos à CCVA, após consentimento escrito, entre setembro de 2005 e outubro de 2011, sendo 50% do sexo masculino, com idade de 47,8 ± 15,4 anos, divididos em dois grupos: com circulação extracorpórea (CEC) (GcCEC=105 pacientes): valvopatia mitral (47/105), valvopatia aórtica (39/105) e cardiopatia congênita (19/105) e sem CEC (GsCEC=31 pacientes): ressincronização cardíaca (18/31), tumor cardíaco (4/31) e revascularização miocárdica minimamente invasiva (6/31). No GcCEC, foi realizada minitoracotomia direita (3 a 5 cm) e acesso femoral para canulação periférica. RESULTADOS: No GcCEC, a média de dias em UTI (DUTI) e de internação hospitalar (DH) foi, respectivamente, 2,4 ± 4,5 dias e 5,0 ± 6,8 dias. Doze pacientes apresentaram complicações no pós-operatório e cinco (4,8%) foram a óbito. Noventa e três (88,6%) pacientes evoluíram sem intercorrências, foram extubados no centro cirúrgico, permanecendo 1,8 ± 0,9 DUTI e 3,6 ± 1,3 DH. No GsCEC, foram 1,3 ± 0,7 DUTI e 2,9 ± 1,4 DH, sem intercorrências ou óbitos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados encontrados nesta casuística são comparáveis aos da literatura mundial e confirmam o método como opção à técnica convencional.

INTRODUCTION: Minimally invasive and video-assisted cardiac surgery (VACS) has increased in popularity over the past 15 years. The small incisions have been associated with a good aesthetic effect and less surgical trauma, therefore less postoperative pain and rapid recovery. OBJECTIVES: To present our series with VACS, after 6 years of use of the method. METHODS: 136 patients underwent VACS, after written consent, between September 2005 and October 2011, 50% for men and age of 47.8 ± 15, 4anos, divided into two groups: with cardiopulmonary (CEC) (GcCEC=105 patients): mitral valve disease (47/105), aortic disease (39/105), congenital heart disease (19/105) and without extracorporeal circulation (CEC) (GsCEC=31 patients): cardiac resynchronization (18/ 31), cardiac tumor (4/31) and minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (6/31). GcCEC was held in right minithoracotomy (3 to 5 cm) and femoral access to perform cannulation. RESULTS: In GcCEC, mean length of ICU stay and hospital stay were respectively 2.4 ± 4.5 days and 5.0 ± 6.8 days. Twelve patients presented complications in post-operative and five (4.8%) death. Ninety-three (88.6%) patients evolved uneventful, were extubated in operating room, and remained a mean of 1.8 ± 0.9 days in ICU and 3.6±1.3 days in the hospital. In GsCEC, were mean 1.3 ± 0.7 days in ICU and 2.9 ± 1.4 days in hospital and without complications or deaths. CONCLUSION: The results found in this series are comparable to those of world literature and confirm the method as an option the conventional technique.

A model is proposed in this paper to describe the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD) in leaching columns. The model considers: (i) Water flow through the column, which is calculated using the 1 - D analytic solution of the Richards' equation assuming the existence of a similarity relationship between the water retention function and the water content profiles at a given time; and (ii) Pyrite oxidation weighted by microbiological effects occurring in spherical particles according to the shrinking core model. Mass balances of oxygen and pyrite were derived in order to evaluate the intrinsic oxidation rate and the pyrite fraction reacted with time and column position. The model was used to simulate a six month operation of a leaching column, which comprised successive weekly cycles of dry and wet periods. Simulation results demonstrated that AMD generation is strongly affected by the presence of microorganisms. A relative deviation of 5% between simulation and experimental data was obtained.

This study aimed to identify the ergonomic hazards, cumulative trauma disorders to which nursing staff in hospitals are exposed. An exploratory descriptive study was carried out by reviewing the literature and virtual systems Scielo VHL-Bireme from 2001 to 2010. The ergonomic cumulative trauma disorders prevention hazards in the nursing team aims to improve working conditions and awareness of nursing in relation to the prevention of occupational diseases. Three categories emerged from the textual analysis: causes / risk factors for ergonomic injuries, consequences of the risks to workers and risk prevention. Thus, it became clear that among the risks revealed, the organization of work, factors related to environment and overload in the body segments were the main causes of absenteeism, disability pensions and allowances in the nursing team.

O presente estudo objetivou conhecer os riscos ergonómicos ósteo-mioesqueléticos aos quais está exposta a equipe de enfermagem no âmbito hospitalar. Estudo descritivo-exploratório realizado através de revisão bibliográficas virtuais dos sistemas Scielo e BVS-Bireme no período de 2001 a 2010. A prevenção dos riscos ergonômicos ósteo-mioesqueléticos na equipe de enfermagem visa à melhoria das condições de trabalho e conscientização da enfermagem em relação à prevenção de doenças ocupacionais. Emergiram três categorias da análise textual: causas/fatores dos riscos ergonômicos para lesões, consequências dos riscos para os trabalhadores e prevenção dos riscos. Com isso, evidenciou-se que dentre os riscos revelados a organização do trabalho, fatores relacionados ao ambiente e sobrecarga nos segmentos corporais, foram às principais causas de afastamentos, licenças e aposentadorias por invalidez na equipe de enfermagem.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los riesgos ergonómicos osteo-mioesqueléticos a que se expone al personal de enfermería en los hospitales. Estudio exploratorio descriptivo llevado a cabo mediante la revisión de la literatura en los sistemas virtuales Scielo BVS- Bireme de 2001 a 2010. La prevención de riesgos ergonómicos de lesión por esfuerzo repetitivo en el equipo de enfermería tiene como objetivo mejorar las condiciones de trabajo y el conocimiento de enfermería en relación a la prevención de las enfermedades profesionales. Tres categorías surgieron del análisis textual: causas / factores de riesgo para lesiones ergonómicas, las consecuencias de los riesgos a los trabajadores y la prevención de riesgos. Así, se puso de manifiesto que entre los riesgos que reveló la organización del trabajo, los factores relacionados con el medio ambiente y la sobrecarga en los segmentos del cuerpo fueron las principales causas de absentismo, pensiones de invalidez y subsidios en el equipo de enfermería.

Para explorar os recursos naturais de forma sustentável, respeitando as fragilidades ambientais, é necessário compreender os processos dinâmicos que envolvem as relações dos diversos elementos da natureza. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo coletar, tratar e apresentar dados e informações referentes ao acúmulo de serrapilheira, bem como dados relacionados à umidade no solo, precipitação, vento e temperatura em fragmentos de Mata Mesofítica e Cerrado Stricto Senso, localizados na Fazenda Experimental do Glória, identificando características da dinâmica local. O experimento foi conduzido entre julho de 2007 e janeiro de 2008 em duas etapas: fase de campo para coleta de dados e, logo em seguida, fase pós-campo, que consistia no tratamento estatístico. Para obtenção de informações climáticas, utilizou-se os dados fornecidos pela estação climatológica instalada no local, e em relação à umidade do solo, fez-se as medições próximo aos coletores de serrapilheira. Para avaliar a produção de serrapilheira, foram instalados 2 (dois) coletores de madeira, um na Mata Mesofítica e outro na área de Cerrado Stricto Senso.

The sustainable way to explore the natural resources according to the environmental fragility is necessary to understand the dynamic processes which evolve the diversity of natural aspects. In this way the present research had for objective collect, manage and present data about the organic matter accumulation, as well as data related to the soil humidity, rainfall, wind and temperature in plots located in two different fragments of Mesophytic Forest and Cerrado (Savanna) at Fazenda Experimental of Glória, looking for understand the local environmental evolution. The experiments were carried out between July/2007 and January/2008 in two phases: the field work when the measurements were carried out and at the same time the lab work when the material was treated and analyzed. The climate data was performed at a mini meteorological station located at the experiment field and the soil humidity was measured using a Thetra Probe device performed near the collector.

Case report: We report a case of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) developed after blunt trauma and vitrectomy (complicated with a massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage) using perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) for tamponade. Discussion: The presentation of SO in a vitrectomized patient after severe blunt trauma with extended intra-ocular tamponade with PFCL could support the hypothesis that chronic inflammation caused by PFCL could have contributed to the development of SO. Nevertheless, there are other possible causal factors such as the trauma, the vitrectomy itself or the choroidal detachment with possible uveal incarceration at wound sites.

Caso clínico: Se describe un caso de oftalmía simpática (OS) desarrollado tras un traumatismo contuso tratado mediante vitrectomía (que se complicó con una hemorragia supracoroidea masiva) y taponamiento con perfluorocarbono líquido (PFCL). Discusión: La presentación de OS en un paciente vitrectomizado tras un traumatismo ocular contuso grave con taponamiento intra-ocular prolongado con PFCL permitiría plantear la hipótesis de que la reacción inflamatoria crónica producida por estos compuestos podría haber colaborado en el desarrollo de la OS. Sin embargo, existen otros posibles factores causales como el propio traumatismo, la vitrectomía en sí o el desprendimiento de coroides con posible incarceración de tejido uveal en las incisiones.

The objective of this multicenter prospective study was to determine the clinical efficacy and toxicity of a polychemotherapeutic third generation regimen, VACOP-B, with or without radiotherapy as front-line therapy in aggressive localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ninety-three adult patients (47 males and 46 females, median age 45 years) with aggressive localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 43 in stage I and 50 in stage II (non-bulky), were included in the study. Stage I patients received VACOP-B for 6 weeks plus involved field radiotherapy and stage II patients received 12 weeks VACOP-B plus involved field radiotherapy on residual masses. Eighty-six (92.5%) achieved complete remission and 4 (4.3%) partial remission. Three patients (3.2%) were primarily resistant. Ten-year probability of survival, progression-free survival and disease-free survival were 87.3, 79.9 and 83.9%, respectively. Eighty-four patients are surviving at a median observation time of 57 months (range: 6-126). Statistical analysis showed no difference between stages I and II in terms of response, ten-year probability of survival, progression-free survival or disease-free survival. Side effects and toxicity were negligible and were similar in the two patient groups. The results of this prospective study suggest that 6 weeks of VACOP-B treatment plus radiotherapy may be the therapy of choice in stage I aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Twelve weeks of VACOP-B treatment with or without radiotherapy was shown to be effective and feasible for stage II. These observations need to be confirmed by a phase III study comparing first and third generation protocols in stage I-II aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.